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Grade 4 · Maths · Lessons
Long multiplication
✖️times📋rows🔟carry0️⃣zero
Long multiplication.
The big ideaMultiply each digit, ones first. Carry the extra. A zero starts the tens row.

How it works

Multiply each digit, ones first. Carry the extra.

A zero starts the tens row.

Add the rows.

75 × 2 = 15075 × 60 = 4500150 + 45004650
75 × 62.

Example 1: One digit

  1. 114 × 5 = ?
  2. 114 × 5: 4 × 5 = 20, write 0, carry 2.
  3. 1 × 5 = 5 and 2 more is 7, then 1 × 5 = 5.
  4. 570.
  5. So the answer is 570.

Example 2: Two digits

  1. 75 × 62 = ?
  2. 75 × 2 = 150.
  3. 75 × 60 = 4500, with a zero to start the tens row.
  4. 150 + 4500 = 4650.
  5. So the answer is 4650.

Example 3: A big number

  1. 5154 × 9 = ?
  2. Multiply each digit by 9, ones first.
  3. Carry what you need.
  4. So the answer is 46386.

Words to know

carry
To move extra tens to the next place.
partial product
One row of the working.

Watch out

Try it

  1. 9055 × 8 = ?
  2. 57 × 12 = ?
  3. 253 × 6 = ?
Answers: 1. 72440 · 2. 684 · 3. 1518
For grown-upsRound both numbers to estimate before multiplying, then compare.
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