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Money · Ages 10+ · Set A
Stocks, bonds and cash
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Goal: 15 min
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Remember: Cash stays put, a bond is a promised loan, a stock is a slice. The more a thing swings, the more it might give or take.

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Three friends in Pebble HillIn Pebble Hill there were three ways to keep coins: cash, bonds and stocks. Three friends each had one hundred pretend coins and picked a different way. Nico picked cash. He put his coins in a jar, and the jar still held one hundred years later. Cash is handy and calm, but it grows nothing. Ben picked a stock from Lemon Co., a company cut into slices. A slice cost ten coins, so he bought ten slices and owned a little of Lemon Co. In year one each slice was worth 13 coins, so his slices were worth 130. A rainy summer in year two dropped each slice to 9, so 90. In year three each slice climbed to 14, so 140. Maya picked a bond. The town hall wanted to dig a well and asked its neighbors to lend it coins. Maya lent 100, and the clerk wrote a promise to pay five extra coins a year and return the hundred after three years. A bond is a loan, and the paper is the promise. A promise can still break if the borrower cannot pay, but a careful town keeps its promises, so bonds usually swing less than stocks. None of the friends knew what next year would bring.
1
Nico keeps his hundred coins in a jar on a shelf. What kind is it?
CashA bondA stock
2
Join each friend to what they hold.
  1. 1Nico
  2. 2Maya
  3. 3Ben
  • Aa jar of cash
  • Ba bond, a loan to the town
  • Cstocks, slices of Lemon Co.
3
Ben pays 10 coins a slice with his 100 coins. He buys slices.
4
Look at the table. Maya gets 5 extra coins a year for 3 years. That is extra coins.
5
After 3 years Maya gets her hundred back too. In all she has coins.

Compare, sort and fix

6
Look at the bars. Which ended highest after three years in this story?
CashBondStock
7
Look at the table. What happened to Ben's slices between year one and year two?
They rose from 90 to 130They fell from 130 to 90They stayed the same
8
Circle every clue that says: this is a BOND.
A loan to the townA slice of a companyA promised extra each yearCoins in a jarRepaid after three years
9
Put them from swings least to swings most.
  • Cash
  • Stock
  • Bond
10
Why do bonds usually swing less than stocks?
A bond can never lose a coinA bond is a slice of a companyA bond has a promise to pay, so it climbs in small steady steps
11
Tia says: Maya ends with 105 coins. What did Tia mix up?
The hundred never comes backShe counted the extra for one year only; it is 5 a year for 3 years, 15Maya gets 5 coins a month
12
Ben says: a bond is a slice of a company. Is Ben right?
YesNo
13
Ben's slices ended at 140 coins, and he started with 100. Ben's gain was coins.
14
Draw a jar, a paper promise and a lemon slice. Label each one cash, bond or stock.
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Answer key · Set A
Stocks, bonds and cash
1Cash Coins in a jar are cash. They stay the same and grow nothing.
21-A, 2-B, 3-C Nico kept cash, Maya lent the town 100 coins for a bond, and Ben bought slices of Lemon Co.
310 100 ÷ 10 = 10 slices.
415 5 + 5 + 5 = 15 extra coins.
5115 100 + 15 = 115. The hundred comes back and the extra coins come with it.
6Stock The stock ended at 140, the bond at 115 and the cash at 100. This time the stock was highest, but slices dip, and they could have ended lower.
7They fell from 130 to 90 Year one was 130 and the rainy year two was 90. A stock's worth moves with its company.
8A loan to the town, A promised extra each year, Repaid after three years A loan with a promised extra, repaid after a set time, is a bond. A slice is a stock and a jar is cash.
91, 3, 2 Cash never moves, a bond climbs in small steady steps, and a stock leaps and dips.
10A bond has a promise to pay, so it climbs in small steady steps A bond has a promise, so it climbs in small steps. The promise can still break if the borrower cannot pay.
11She counted the extra for one year only; it is 5 a year for 3 years, 15 5 × 3 = 15 extra, so Maya has 100 + 15 = 115.
12No A slice of a company is a stock. A bond is a loan with a promise.
1340 140 − 100 = 40.
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