How it works
Doubling means twice as many each time: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16.
Sissa asked the king for rice on a chessboard: one grain on the first square, and each square holding double the one before.
It starts so small, and then it grows so fast. All ten squares held 1023 grains, about a handful of rice, but the board has 64 squares.
By the twentieth square the pile would fill a sack, and by the fortieth it would be as big as the palace.